{"id":13919,"date":"2023-04-25T02:38:12","date_gmt":"2023-04-24T23:38:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/turkishnews.com.tr\/?p=13919"},"modified":"2023-04-25T02:38:12","modified_gmt":"2023-04-24T23:38:12","slug":"hindistanda-tarih-kitaplarindan-baburler-donemi-cikariliyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/turkishnews.com.tr\/?p=13919","title":{"rendered":"Hindistan\u2019da tarih kitaplar\u0131ndan \u2018Bab\u00fcrler D\u00f6nemi\u2019 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n\"\"<\/div>\n

Bab\u00fcrl\u00fclerin okul kitaplar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hindistan\u2019da tarih tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/p>\n

Hindistan\u2019da, tarihte \u00fclkeyi y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l y\u00f6netmi\u015f olan Mo\u011fol-\u00c7a\u011fatay k\u00f6kenli bir hanedan olan Bab\u00fcrl\u00fclerin okul kitaplar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 hararetli bir tarih tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n

BBC\u2019nin haberine g\u00f6re tart\u0131\u015fma, Federal E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 ama \u00f6zerk bir yap\u0131 olan \u00d6\u011fretim Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve E\u011fitimi Ulusal Konseyi\u2019nin (NCERT) yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni bir dizi okul kitab\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kurum, m\u00fcfredattaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri izliyor ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin orta e\u011fitim i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 merkezi se\u00e7me s\u0131nav\u0131na haz\u0131rlanan \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fine karar veriyor.<\/p>\n

Ders kitaplar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler aras\u0131nda bu y\u0131l Mahatma Gandi\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik suikastin baz\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ve 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda Gucarat Eyaleti\u2019nde meydana gelen ayaklanmalar\u0131n da kitaplardan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 var.<\/p>\n

Ulusal Konsey ilk kez ge\u00e7en y\u0131l m\u00fcfredatta yap\u0131lan \u201crasyonalle\u015ftirme\u201d \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde a\u00e7\u0131klanan bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin, bilgi eksikli\u011fi yaratmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ama Covid salg\u0131n\u0131 sonras\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frencilerin omuzlar\u0131na y\u00fcklenen ders y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc hafifletece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Ama kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kanlar de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin kayg\u0131 verici oldu\u011funu ve \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00fclke tarihini tam olarak kavramas\u0131na engel olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar.
\u00d6zellikle de \u00fclkeyi 16. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na kadar y\u00f6netmi\u015f olan Bab\u00fcrl\u00fcler hanedan\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcfredattan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131ndan rahats\u0131zlar ve tarihin belli d\u00f6nemlerinin Hindu sa\u011fc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131llard\u0131r talep etti\u011fi y\u00f6nde silindi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkede bir\u00e7ok sa\u011fc\u0131 aktivist ve tarih\u00e7i, Hindistan yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llarca y\u00f6netmi\u015f olan Bab\u00fcrl\u00fcleri, Hint topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011fmalay\u0131p, Hindu medeniyetine zarar vermi\u015f yabanc\u0131 i\u015fgalciler olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.
Tarih ders kitaplar\u0131nda baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapman\u0131n gerekli oldu\u011funu \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kitaplarda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman y\u00f6neticilere fazlaca \u00f6nem atfedildi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n

Bu ki\u015filerden, \u00e7ok say\u0131da ders kitab\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015f bir tarih yazar\u0131 ve akademisyen olan Makhan Lal \u201cBab\u00fcr y\u00f6netimi Hindistan tarihinin en kanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerinden biridir\u201d diyor. \u201cOnun yerine mesela Vijay Nagar imparatorlu\u011fundan daha fazla bahsedemez miyiz?\u201d
Halbuki tarih\u00e7i ve yazar Manu S Pillai \u201c\u015eimdi Bab\u00fcrl\u00fclerin fazlaca zor kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddialar\u0131 var. Oysa o d\u00f6nemde h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k her yerde \u00e7ok kanl\u0131 bir kurumdu. Bir de Bab\u00fcrl\u00fclerin kendilerini esasen Hindulara eziyet etmeyi ama\u00e7 edinmi\u015f M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar diye tan\u0131mlad\u0131klar\u0131 varsay\u0131l\u0131yor. Oysa tarih \u00e7ok daha karma\u015f\u0131k\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

Siyasi \u0130slam \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve Hindistan\u2019daki Geli\u015fmekte olan Toplumlar Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Merkezi\u2019nde ders veren Hilal Ahmed de \u201c\u00d6\u011frenciler, derin ayr\u0131l\u0131klar ya\u015fanan bir zamanda ulusal tarih \u00f6\u011freniyorlar. Rahats\u0131zl\u0131k duyulan, ya da uygunsuz bulunan \u015feyleri tarih kitaplar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karmakla onlar\u0131 ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye te\u015fvik etmi\u015f olmuyoruz\u201d diye ekliyor.<\/p>\n

\"Bab\u00fcrl\u00fcler<\/figure>\n

Okul kitaplar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yeni de\u011fil<\/h2>\n

Ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan kurum, k\u0131sa ad\u0131yla NCERT \u2018in ba\u015fkan\u0131 Dine\u015f Saklani m\u00fcfredat \u00fczerine tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u201cgereksiz\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi ve de\u011fi\u015fikliklere ra\u011fmen Bab\u00fcrl\u00fcler d\u00f6nemi tarihinin \u00e7ocuklara \u00f6\u011fretilmeye devam edece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. BBC\u2019nin m\u00fclakat ve sorular\u0131n\u0131 iletme talebini ise yan\u0131tlamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda okul kitaplar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler Hindistan\u2019da yeni bir konu de\u011fil. Daha \u00f6nceki h\u00fck\u00fcmetler d\u00f6neminde de farkl\u0131 revizyonlar yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Akademisyen Hilal Ahmed, ders kitaplar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, asl\u0131nda olumsuz bir \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. \u201cTarih sonsuz bir \u015fey. Her zaman i\u015flenmemi\u015f bir yan\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmemi\u015f sorular\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden tarih dersi kitaplar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmelidir\u201d diyor.
Fakat ayn\u0131 zamanda bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin bilgi kayb\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurguluyor.<\/p>\n

Hilal Ahmed ayr\u0131ca tarihin sadece h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar d\u00fczeyinde de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Hanedanlar ve sava\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imleri, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, idari \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme gibi bir \u00e7ok konunun i\u00e7erilmesi gerekti\u011fini \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc tarihin, toplumun kendisini daha iyi anlamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.
\u201cDolay\u0131s\u0131yla tarih \u00f6\u011fretisinden bir \u015feyi keyfi olarak \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z, onu ba\u011flam\u0131ndan kopard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z zaman, \u00e7arp\u0131tm\u0131\u015f da olursunuz\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

\"Bab\u00fcr<\/figure>\n
    \n
  1. s\u0131n\u0131f ders kitab\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131m \u2018Krallar ve Anlat\u0131lar: Bab\u00fcrl\u00fc Saraylar\u0131\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    30 sayfal\u0131k bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Bab\u00fcrl\u00fc hanedan\u0131 d\u00f6neminde saray d\u00fczeninin nas\u0131l i\u015fledi\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

    Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde anlat\u0131lan \u015feylerin \u00e7o\u011fu o d\u00f6nemin Bab\u00fcrl\u00fc imparatorlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u0131smarlanm\u0131\u015f uzun tarih kay\u0131tlar\u0131na dayan\u0131yor.
    B\u00f6l\u00fcmde ayr\u0131ca bu d\u00f6nem anlat\u0131lar\u0131nda Bab\u00fcrl\u00fcler imparatorlu\u011funun Hindular, Zerd\u00fc\u015ftler, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar gibi bir\u00e7ok etnik ve dini toplumdan olu\u015ftu\u011funun da sergilendi\u011fi aktar\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

    Tarih yazar\u0131 Makhan Lal bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn kitaplardan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011funu \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc tarihi bir de\u011feri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.
    \u201cSonu\u00e7ta, bu bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm. B\u00fct\u00fcn Bab\u00fcrl\u00fcler tarihi m\u00fcfredattan silinmi\u015f de\u011fil\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

    Tarih kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fimdiye kadar Bab\u00fcrl\u00fcler y\u00f6netiminin zulm\u00fcn\u00fc yeterince yans\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve oldu\u011fundan fazla bir \u00f6nem atfetti\u011fini de savunuyor.<\/p>\n

    Bir ba\u015fka tarih\u00e7i Manu S Pillai ise tarihin bir rekabet alan\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ama bazen bu t\u00fcr duygusal de\u011ferlendirmelerin politika ve kamusal bilince egemen olabildi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

    \u201cHindistan tarihinin Hindu taraf\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor ve bilin\u00e7li olarak Hindu karakterler bir tarafa ve \u2018k\u00f6t\u00fc Bab\u00fcrl\u00fcler\u2019 \u00f6teki tarafa konuluyor\u201d diyor.
    Pillai ayr\u0131ca Bab\u00fcrl\u00fc idaresinin asl\u0131nda \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir tarihe 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n, kamu tahayy\u00fcl\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli bir etkileri bulundu\u011funu vurguluyor. Sonu\u00e7ta son Bab\u00fcr imparatoru, Hindistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesinin lideri Mahatma Gandi do\u011fmadan sadece on y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce devrilmi\u015f. Gandi d\u00f6neminin ondan ya\u015fl\u0131 baz\u0131 akt\u00f6rleri Bab\u00fcrl\u00fcler d\u00f6neminde do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f.<\/p>\n

    Pillai \u201cO y\u00fczden Bab\u00fcrl\u00fcler hakk\u0131nda, daha yeni bir d\u00f6nem oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in daha \u00e7ok \u015fey biliyoruz. Ama koca koca b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin ders kitaplar\u0131ndan silinmesi yerine \u00f6\u011frencilerin belki de bu d\u00f6nemi b\u00fct\u00fcn giriftli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde okumas\u0131 gerekiyor\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

    Hilal Ahmed de Bab\u00fcrl\u00fcler d\u00f6nemine ait b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin ders kitaplar\u0131ndan silinmesine yol a\u00e7an tarihsel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn bir Hindistan tarihinin \u201cbiz ve \u00f6tekiler\u201d gibi bir ikileme indirgenmesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

    Bab\u00fcrler Kimdir?<\/h2>\n

    Bab\u00fcr imparatorlu\u011fu uluslararas\u0131 literat\u00fcrde Fars\u00e7a Mo\u011fol anlam\u0131na gelen Mughal olarak yer alsa da imparatorlu\u011fun kurucusu Bab\u00fcr \u015eah\u2019\u0131n anne taraf\u0131ndan atas\u0131 olan Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun kurucusu Cengiz Han\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu \u00c7a\u011fatay\u2019\u0131n kurdu\u011fu \u00c7a\u011fatay Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130slamiyeti kabul etmi\u015f ve T\u00fcrkle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bab\u00fcr \u015eah\u2019\u0131n baba taraf\u0131ndan atas\u0131 olan ve soyu bir T\u00fcrk-Mo\u011fol boyu olan Barlaslar\u2019a dayanan Timur da m\u00fcsl\u00fcmand\u0131r ve T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    Anadili \u00c7a\u011fatay T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi olan ancak Fars k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden yo\u011fun olarak etkilenmi\u015f olan hanedan\u0131n \u00fczerindeki bu etki, Hindistan\u2019da bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00f6nemli derecede geli\u015fmesine neden olmu\u015ftur. Bab\u00fcr \u015eah\u2019tan sonra T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve T\u00fcrk dilinin yava\u015f yava\u015f etkisi azalm\u0131\u015f ve yerini Fars\u00e7a, daha sonra da Urduca alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, \u00d6zbekistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, Afganistan ve Hindistan\u2019da da miras\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lan Bab\u00fcr \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Forsu\u2019na birer y\u0131ld\u0131zla i\u015flenen tarihteki 16 T\u00fcrk devletinden biridir.<\/p>\n

    Zahireddin Muhammed Bab\u00fcr Babas\u0131 Fergana h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 \u00d6mer \u015eeyh Mirza\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra amcas\u0131 ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 taht m\u00fccadelesini kaybetmi\u015f ve emri alt\u0131ndaki beylerle birlikte 1504\u2032 te Kabil\u2019e gitmi\u015ftir. Devletin ba\u015fkentini de buras\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1519 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pencap b\u00f6lgesini ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, 1524 y\u0131l\u0131nda Delhi Sultan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 yenilgiye u\u011fratarak Lahor\u2019a girmi\u015ftir. Delhi\u2019den sonra Agra\u2019y\u0131 da alan Bab\u00fcr \u015eah buray\u0131 ba\u015fkent yapm\u0131\u015f ve Bab\u00fcr \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu kurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Bab\u00fcrl\u00fclerin okul kitaplar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hindistan\u2019da tarih tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Hindistan\u2019da, tarihte \u00fclkeyi y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l y\u00f6netmi\u015f olan Mo\u011fol-\u00c7a\u011fatay k\u00f6kenli bir hanedan olan Bab\u00fcrl\u00fclerin okul kitaplar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 hararetli bir tarih tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yaratt\u0131. BBC\u2019nin haberine g\u00f6re tart\u0131\u015fma, Federal E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 ama \u00f6zerk bir yap\u0131 olan \u00d6\u011fretim Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve E\u011fitimi Ulusal Konseyi\u2019nin (NCERT) yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni bir dizi okul kitab\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13923,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkishnews.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13919"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkishnews.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkishnews.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkishnews.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkishnews.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13919"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/turkishnews.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13919\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkishnews.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13923"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkishnews.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13919"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkishnews.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13919"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkishnews.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13919"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}